Membedakan Kerasukan, Kesurupan, dan Sakit Jiwa: Perspektif Teologi Kristen dan Pendampingan Pastoral

Abstract

Unusual behavioral phenomena occurring within church life and society—such as hysterical screaming, loss of consciousness, voice alteration, and extreme behavior are often directly interpreted as demonic possession. This pattern of understanding gives rise to misconceptions between possession, trance phenomena, and mental illness, resulting in inaccurate assessments and inappropriate pastoral responses. Such misunderstandings not only affect the effectiveness of pastoral accompaniment but also contribute to the development of religious and social stigma toward individuals experiencing psychological or psychospiritual disturbances. This article aims to examine the phenomena of demonic possession, trance states, and mental illness through the perspectives of Christian theology and pastoral care. The study employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach, drawing on relevant theological, pastoral, psychological, and anthropological sources. Data are analyzed through a descriptive-analytical framework to explore the characteristics, intersections, and conceptual distinctions among these three phenomena within the context of church ministry. The discussion reveals the complexity of the relationships among spiritual, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions that are often insufficiently considered in pastoral practice. The findings provide a reflective foundation for the church to reassess its understanding and responses to these phenomena. Consequently, this article opens space for the development of more sensitive, critical, and contextual pastoral approaches in addressing the realities of human suffering.